Hypoallergenic diet for children and adults - allowed and prohibited foods, menu

An urgent problem for modern man is allergy. This is a kind of reaction of the body to the action of special substances called allergens. A person encounters them while breathing, eating, or coming into contact with the skin. Allergies can affect men and women, children and adults. The main method of its treatment and prevention is diet with a hypoallergenic diet. It is suitable not only for allergy sufferers, but also for nursing mothers, who with the help of such a menu can improve the quality of breast milk.

What is a Hypoallergenic Diet?

In medicine, allergy is a condition in which there is an increased sensitivity to external or internal stimuli. In this case, the human body perceives harmless substances as antigens. A large amount of IgE is produced even with minimal contact of a person with an allergen. The mechanism of the formation of an allergic reaction:

1. Immunoglobulin IgE recognizes this after the first contact with the allergen and connects to mast cells and basophils (cells of the immune system).
2. The result is a complex. It consists of an allergen, IgE, and a mast cell or a basophil.
3. The basophil complex penetrates various organs with the bloodstream: skin, nose, lungs, stomach, and in mast cells it remains motionless.
4. After re-entering the body, basophils and mast cells secrete special substances - histamine and serotonin. They are necessary to fight the irritant.

Histamine with serotonin and cause allergic reactions: smooth muscle spasm and expansion of capillaries, which leads to thickening of the blood and edema. Since allergies are often caused by food, diet must be included in the treatment regimen in addition to antihistamines. It also plays an important role in allergic reactions to drugs used in bird and animal rearing (antibiotics, salicylates). The diet is based on the following principles:

• Exclusion of products that contain cross and causal allergens;
• eat only fresh produce;
• Rejection of histamine liberators - products that cause the gastrointestinal tract to secrete histamine from its cells: chocolate, cow's milk, coffee, wheat bran, orange juice;
• Restriction of the diet of animal proteins;
• Exclusion of canned food and products with colorings, preservatives and flavorings;
• Restriction of simple carbohydrates, salt, fried, spicy and salty foods, alcohol;
• Rejection of carriers of histamine - foods with a high content of histamine in the composition (tomatoes, strawberries, hazelnuts, cocoa, spinach).

General principles

There is a special diet for allergy sufferers - table number 5 GA (hypoallergenic). It is based on the therapeutic diet No. 5, which is prescribed for diseases of the biliary system and liver. Adults should eat according to the principles of table number 5 for 3 weeks, children - 10 days. This is enough for the symptoms of allergies to disappear permanently. In the future, nutrition will be built taking into account the following principles:

• When the symptoms subside, you can switch from antiallergenic foods to a less restrictive diet and gradually add foods with moderate allergenic activity to your diet.
• First, cooked low-fat white fish, bread, fresh onions, fruit puree and compote are introduced.
• Food is cooked or steamed throughout the diet. Roasting and baking increases the allergen content.
• The diet should be complete in terms of protein, fat, and slow carbohydrates.
• Each new diet product is introduced no more than once every 3 days. If there is no negative reaction to it, then you can leave it in the menu.
• The optimal nutritional option is fractionated, in which the number of meals per day reaches 5-6 times.
• Products with easily digestible carbohydrates are completely prohibited: sweets, honey, jam, chocolate. Instead of sugar, you can use aspartame, saccharin, or xylitol.
• If the cause of the allergy is not identified, all causally significant allergens must be excluded: strawberries, nuts, chocolate, honey, eggs, seafood, caviar, citrus fruits, melons, tomatoes.
• It is important to fortify the diet with calcium, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. This trace element is found in cottage cheese, fermented milk products.
• All dishes that contain an allergen product are excluded from the diet menu. For example, if a reaction is manifested in eggs, then you need to do without creams, mayonnaise, casseroles and rich flour products.

Indications

Diets are not only effective for food allergies. A special diet will help reduce the influence of allergens and other groups (medicines, mushrooms, pollen, household). Dieting will reduce a person's risk of increased clinical symptoms of the following diseases:

• Quincke's edema;
• allergic rhinitis;
• Hives;
• pathologies of the digestive tract, in which the process of nutrient absorption is disrupted;
• Atopic dermatitis;
• Bronchial asthma;
• Hay fever.

List of hypoallergenic foods

When preparing the first courses, it is recommended to use vegetable broth without frying. He must be weak, i. e. H. after 1-2 cooking processes the water is drained. It is allowed to add different garden herbs. From cereals it is useful to use oatmeal, buckwheat, wheat. Potatoes are allowed as a side dish in the form of mashed potatoes, but only boiled in water. From fermented dairy products, you can use low-fat fresh cottage cheese and yogurt without additives.

To enrich the body with fats, you need to include sunflower or olive oil in the diet. Pasta should only be made from durum wheat. Other hypoallergenic products:

Surname	Calories per 100 g, kcal	Fat per 100 g, g	Carbohydrates per 100 g, g	Proteins per 100 g, g
Vegetables, herbs
aubergine	24	0, 1	4. 5	1, 2
zucchini	24	0, 3	4. 6	0, 6
Cucumber	fifteen	0, 1	2, 8	0. 8
Cabbage	27	0, 1	0, 1	1, 8
To squeeze	19th	0, 1	4. 3	0, 6
broccoli	28	0, 4	5. 2	3. 0
celery	12th	0, 1	2. 1	0, 9
lenses	284	1, 5	42, 7	24, 0
garlic	143	0, 5	29, 9	6, 5
asparagus	twenty	0, 1	3. 1	1, 9
onion	41	0. 0	10. 4	1, 4
Beans	123	0, 5	21, 5	7. 8
grain
oatmeal	342	6. 1	59, 5	12, 3
Buckwheat	313	3. 3	62, 1	12. 6
Wheat bran	296	3. 8	53, 6	15 January
semolina	328	1. 0	73, 3	10, 3
oatmeal	366	7. 2	69, 3	11, 9
fruit
Peaches	46	0, 1	11, 3	0, 9
Nectarines	48	0, 2	11, 8	0, 9
Apples	47	0, 4	9, 8	0, 4
Pears	42	0, 2	10. 9	0, 4
Dairy products
Kefir 0%	thirty	0, 1	3. 8	3. 0
Kefir 1%	40	1. 0	4. 0	2, 8
Quark 0. 6%	88	0, 6	1, 8	18. 0
meat
Boiled chicken	170	7, 4	0. 0	25, 2
Boiled turkey fillet	130	1. 0	0. 0	25, 0
Cooked beef	254	16 August	0. 0	25, 8
Beef ragout	232	18. 3	0. 0	16 August
A fish
flounder	90	3. 0	0. 0	15, 7
Halibut	103	3. 0	0. 0	18, 9
cod	69	0, 6	0. 0	16. 0
seaweed	49	5. 1	0. 0	0. 8
beverages
Rose hip juice	70	0. 0	17, 6	0, 1

Prohibited foods

The list of prohibited foods includes fish and meat broths. It is also necessary to refrain from a hypoallergenic diet of fatty varieties of red meat, poultry (goose and duck), whole milk and most types of sausage. Strong allergens are citrus fruits, sweets, seafood (squid, mussels, shrimp). The same goes for all salty foods, pickles, canned foods. The ban also includes:

• Red currant;
• Lemons, mangoes, grapes, grapefruit, pomegranate, bananas, oranges, tangerines;
• Nuts, raisins;
• Carrots, lettuce peppers, tomatoes;
• White rice;
• Jam, sweets, ice cream, cakes;
• Condensed milk, sour cream 30%, 40%, cheese, cottage cheese 18%;
• Vinegar, mayonnaise;
• Lamb, smoked chicken, sausages, sausages, pork fat;
• Fish and canned semi-finished products, mackerel, sardines, caviar;
• Butter margarine, coconut and palm oil;
• white dessert and dry wines, vodka, cognac, beer, liqueur;
• Cola, Coffee, Pepsi, Sprite;
• Cranberry.

Hypoallergenic diet menu

Keeping a food diary can help relieve allergies on a hypoallergenic diet. In it you can record the foods or meals used for the diet and the reaction to them. This makes it possible to precisely identify allergens and exclude them from your diet. In addition, keeping a diary makes it easier to see how varied your diet is. This is important because scientists have found that the same menu is more likely to develop allergies. In the diary, you can prescribe several options for a hypoallergenic diet menu, and then buy only the necessary ingredients.

For children

A hypoallergenic menu for a child is created on the same principles as for adults. There is only one important difference - long-term adherence to such a diet puts you at high risk of protein, carbohydrate, and micronutrient deficiency. This leads to a delay in physical development. Table number 5 is used for start only for 7-10 days depending on your state of health. Then the doctor selects individual hypoallergenic products for children. Menu items:

Diet menu option	breakfast	Dinner	Dinner
1	Viscous buckwheat porridge, cheese, apple, tea.	Potato soup with noodles, steamed meat cutlet with steamed vegetables, compote.	Boiled meat with stewed potatoes, tea.
2	Oatmeal in water, dry crackers.	Lean beef soup without carrots, lamb's lettuce, Chinese cabbage and cucumber salad.	Steam beef dumplings with boiled cauliflower and compote.
3	Buckwheat flakes with kefir.	Mashed potatoes in water, boiled cauliflower, lean veal, berry jelly.	Chicken stew with peas and vegetables.

For adults

If the hypoallergenic diet for children is 7-10 days, then adults can follow it for longer - up to 2-3 weeks. The menu has practically no differences in both cases, since the same list of antiallergic products is used for its construction. Diet options for the day for adults:

Menu option	breakfast	Dinner	Dinner
1	Porridge from buckwheat puree, green tea with croutons, baked apple.	Steam the chicken schnitzel, vegetable soup, and rose hip broth.	Vinaigrette, tea with dietary biscuits.
2	Semolina porridge on water, low-fat fresh cottage cheese, apple juice with biscuit.	Meat chops, vegetable soup with wheat groats, tea with biscuits.	Mashed peas, meatballs.
3	Cottage cheese casserole, kefir.	Veal schnitzel, buckwheat porridge, vegetable soup.	Cabbage and zucchini soup, steamed chops, rose hip broth.

Hypoallergenic recipes

The basic principle when choosing the recipes is that ready meals have a positive effect on the digestive tract. For this reason, salting, fermentation and fermentation are completely excluded. Steaming or boiling is considered to be gentle on the stomach. Such manufacturing processes help to reduce the allergenic activity of the ingredients used. Fruit and vegetables are also best not eaten raw, but steamed or baked.

First

Mainly soups are included in the list of the first hypoallergenic dishes. Potatoes are often used in cooking. It is recommended to soak it in cold water beforehand. It takes a few hours to reduce the amount of starch in a vegetable. The soup stock should be the second or third. This means that after boiling, the liquid will drain 1-2 times. So the fat content of the finished soup is much lower.

Vegetable soup with wheat groats

The peculiarity of this soup lies in a special ingredient - celery. Dishes made with it are often found in a variety of diets, including hypoallergenic ones. Celery tastes like carrots with parsley. Its leaves have a spicy and fresh aroma. The benefits of celery show up not only with allergies, but also with weight loss. In the soup according to this recipe, it is combined with potatoes, cabbage and dill. Garlic adds a little spice to the dish.

Ingredients:

• onions - 0, 5-1 pc. ;
• white cabbage - 100 g;
• chopped wheat groats (bulgur) - 50 g;
• Celery - 1 small root;
• Water - 1, 5-1, 6 l;
• potato bulbs - 3 pieces;
• dill or other green - 1 branch;
• Clove of garlic - 2 pcs.

Cooking method:

1. Bring the water to the boil, dip the bulgur in it.
2. Next, cut the peeled potatoes and add them to the broth.
3. Peel and finely chop the onion, add to the remaining ingredients.
4. Rinse celery, dip in broth.
5. After cooking again, reduce the heat.
6. Simmer under the lid for 15-20 minutes.
7. Take out some of the potatoes, mash them and return them.
8. Wash, dry, chop cabbage leaves and add to the almost finished soup.
9. Cook for another 10 minutes, then remove and discard the celery.
10. Finely chop the vegetables and the garlic cloves, season the soup with them.

Potato soup with noodles

This dish requires a minimal amount of food. The soup is suitable for both adults and children. Onions in the broth practically cannot be felt, as they are boiled. Because the vegetables are placed at the very beginning of the cooking process, the meat turns out to be very tasty. Replacing the chicken with lean beef is allowed, but this will make the soup a little fatter and take 30-60 minutes longer to cook.

Ingredients:

• small onion - 1 pc . ;
• greens - to your taste;
• chicken fillet - 800 g;
• first-class vermicelli - 200 g;
• potato tubers - 4-5 pcs . ;
• Water - 4 liters.

Cooking method:

1. Pour well-washed meat with water, put the pan on maximum heat.
2. Bring to the boil, pour off the liquid.
3. Pour in the same amount of water again, bring to the boil again, remove the foam.
4. At this point, peel the onion from the skin, chop it finely and add it to the broth.
5. Reduce heat, cook for 30-40 minutes until meat is ready, then remove, cut into pieces and send back.
6. Cook vermicelli separately in lightly salted water. This is necessary to prevent the broth from becoming cloudy with sediment.
7. Peel, wash and dice the potatoes. Dip the slices in the broth and cook for 5 minutes.
8. Then fill the soup with cooked noodles.

second

The main courses are also vegetables or meat. Chops, dumplings, meatballs and meatballs are usually steamed. Meat can be pureed, goulash and even beef stroganoff or soufflé. In the recipe for the last dish, minced meat is mixed with milk sauce, egg yolks and whipped whites. Soufflé is already suitable for the phase in which you begin to gradually introduce foods with medium allergenicity. Vegetables can be served as an accompaniment to meat, but they are only steamed, boiled, or baked as frying increases the allergy of the ingredients.

Cabbage and zucchini puree soup

The advantage of the puree soup is a homogeneous, soft consistency, which means that the dish does not irritate the stomach and intestines. In such recipes, not only meat is used, but also vegetables. An unusual combination - zucchini and cauliflower. The first vegetable has a neutral taste and is therefore combined with many ingredients. In addition, they have no contraindications. Cauliflower is not recommended for gastrointestinal problems.

Ingredients:

• zucchini - 2-3 pcs . ;
• onion head - 1 pc. ;
• Celery - 5-7 stalks;
• Parsley - 1-2 sprigs;
• water or weak vegetable broth - 1 liter;
• cauliflower - 1 small head of cabbage;
• low-fat sour cream - 100 g.

Cooking method:

1. Divide the cauliflower inflorescences into smaller ones, peel the zucchini, then rinse the vegetables, including the celery.
2. Cut the onion head into cubes. Repeat the same with zucchini, celery and cauliflower.
3. Place all the vegetables on the bottom of a saucepan and cover with water. Bring to the boil, simmer until the ingredients are soft.
4. Then let cool, place in a blender bowl and beat until smooth.
5. Pour the mixture back into the saucepan, add sour cream, simmer over low heat for a few minutes.
6. Sprinkle with chopped herbs when serving.

Steamed dumplings

Knees are understood as one of the types of dumplings - small balls cooked on the basis of minced meat from fish, poultry or other meat. The difference between the dumpling mixture and the chop mixture is that it is fluffier and more tender. Because of this, dumplings are better suited to children's hypoallergenic diets and diets. Another feature of such a dish is steaming, which allows the meat to retain more vitamins. Also, steam deterrents are easier to digest for the stomach.

Ingredients:

• low-fat milk - 2 tbsp;
• Egg whites - 2 pieces;
• beef - 800 g;
• Wheat bread - 1 slice.

Cooking method:

1. Soak the bread in half of the entire portion of milk, leave to rest for half an hour.
2. At this point, grind the meat through a meat grinder.
3. Squeeze out the bread, add to the minced meat, grind everything through a sieve.
4. Thoroughly mix the resulting mass, add the egg white.
5. Pour in the rest of the milk.
6. Shape the minced meat into medium-sized balls and place in a steaming bowl. Cook for 15 minutes.

dessert

Although sweets are prohibited on a hypoallergenic diet, you can still add some treats to add variety to your menu. You just have to cook them properly. The best hypoallergenic desserts are based on fruits, kefir or cottage cheese. The main thing is that fermented milk products are not acidic. An ordinary pear, cut into pieces or ground into a puree, gives them sweetness. Cottage cheese is the best base for a casserole. It can also be prepared with the addition of approved fruits. Baked apples are a popular dessert of the latter. They are even paired with cottage cheese - it's tasty and healthy.

Cottage cheese casserole

Since eggs belong to the category of products with a high degree of allergenic activity, their use in a hypoallergenic diet, especially for children, is not recommended. The casserole can be prepared without these ingredients. Flour can also be easily replaced with semolina, which gives the dish a dense consistency. To give it a sweet taste, it is allowed to add hypoallergenic fruits to the quark. Sugar should be taken after completing a strict diet; H. after 7-10 days.

Ingredients:

• Pear - 3 pcs . ;
• low-fat cottage cheese - 400 g;
• Sugar - 1 tsp;
• Semolina - 4 tbsp. I . ;
• Kefir or yogurt without additives - 3 tbsp. l.

Cooking method:

1. Take a bowl to put cottage cheese with yogurt or kefir in and mix well.
2. Add muesli, sugar. Stir again.
3. Wash, peel and finely chop the pears.
4. Add the fruit to the quark mixture, stir, and place in a greased casserole dish.
5. Put in the oven for half an hour. The optimal temperature is 180 degrees.

Baked apples

This is the most popular dietetic and at the same time hypoallergenic dessert. Since people with allergies are advised not to eat fresh fruits, they can be baked. Not only will it be tasty, but it will also be good for the stomach. Apples are the perfect fruit for this dessert. They are not only baked in the oven, but also in the microwave, so the delicacy is very quick and easy to prepare. To make the dessert even more useful, you can fill the fruits with cottage cheese. Don't just use recipes that require adding honey inside the apple.

Ingredients:

• Apple - 3 pcs . ;
• Low-fat sour cream - 2 tbsp. I . ;
• Cottage cheese - 100 g;
• vanillin - on the tip of a knife.

Cooking method:

1. Rinse the apples, cut out the core, but so that the bottom of the fruit remains intact and a kind of cup is created.
2. Mix cottage cheese with sour cream, add vanillin, bring the mass to a homogeneous consistency.
3. Fill the apples with the curd mixture.
4. Place the fruit on a baking sheet and bake for 25-30 minutes at 200 degrees.